.List of places:Burnham-on-Sea is a large seaside town in, England, at the mouth of the, upon. Burnham was a small fishing village until the late 18th century, when it began to grow because of its popularity as a.It forms part of the parish of and shares a with its neighbouring small market town of. According to the the population of the parish (i.e. Including Highbridge) was 19,576, of which the populations of the of Burnham Central and Burnham North, which made up most of the town, totalled 13,601.The position of the town on the edge of the and moors where they meet the, has resulted in a history dominated by land reclamation and sea defences since times.
Burnham was seriously affected by the, with the present curved concrete wall being completed in 1988. There have been many shipwrecks on the Gore Sands, which lie just offshore and can be exposed at low tides. Lighthouses are hence prominent landmarks in the town, with the original lighthouse known as built to replace the light on the top of the 14th century tower of. The 110-foot (34-metre) pillar or and the or Lighthouse on legs on the beach were built to replace it. The town's first lifeboat was provided in 1836 by the Corporation of.A stone pier was built in 1858 by the.
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Soon afterwards, in 1860, a steamer service to was inaugurated, but it was never a commercial success, and ended in 1888. Was the terminus of the Burnham branch of the. It opened in 1858, closed to scheduled passenger traffic in 1951, and stopped being used for excursions in 1962. The former station is now known as.
A second pier, built of concrete between 1911 and 1914, is claimed to be the shortest pier in Britain. Contents.History The name Burnham is derived from Burnhamm, as it was called in the will of, made up from the words Burna meaning stream and Hamm for enclosure. On-Sea was added later as there are several other towns of the same name in England.The history of Burnham-on-Sea is the history of the reclamation of the from the and the.
The were the first peoples to try to reclaim the Somerset levels, and it was their people who were probably the first settlers in the high behind the. This could have been in part to maintain navigational systems, to aid ships entering the River Parrett and what is now. When the, the system of they installed was not maintained, and the areas reverted to become a tidal salt flat during the period. Bandstand on the Esplanade, 2009It is likely that at the time of the, settlements existed at Burnham and, their common boundary running along what is now the. The church at Burnham and its lands were given to in the 12th century, later transferred to along with up to 50 houses surrounding the church. Burnham was part of the of.One of the earliest recorded incidents to affect the town was the, since when various flood defences have been installed. In 1911 a concrete wall was built.
After the Second World War, further additions to the defences against the sea were added by bringing part of the remains of a used for the, and burying them in the sand. Today the town is defended from flooding by a large curved concrete wall, completed in 1988 following serious flooding in 1981.
The wall runs along the Esplanade, and serves as the canvas for a wide variety of and.was a in the built in 1918 to 1919. In 1940 she was transferred to the British under the with the United Kingdom exchanging American destroyers for bases in the Atlantic. She transferred to the where she served as HMS Burnham (H82) during the Second World War. In 1942, Burnham was formally adopted by Burnham-on-Sea. In 1944, she was used on aircraft training duties in the, which allowed a contingent from the ship to visit the town and march through its streets. Burnham was reduced to reserve at, Wales, in November 1944. She was ultimately scrapped at, in December 1948.
Geography Burnham-on-Sea is notable for its beach and, the danger they pose to individuals and shipping, and the efforts to which locals have gone in defending their town and preventing loss of life. Burnham is close to the estuary of the where it flows into the, which has the second highest in the world. At 11 m (36 ft), it is second only to the in.Burnham's extensive mud flats are characteristic of and the rest of the Bristol Channel, where the tide can recede for over 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometres). Bridgwater Bay consists of large areas of, saltmarsh, sandflats and shingle ridges, some of which are vegetated. It has been designated as a since 1989, and is designated as a wetland of international importance under the., in the south-west corner of Burnham-on-Sea, north of the, occupies an area of more than 42 acres (17 hectares).
The park was created from excavated clay pits, which were flooded, and the lakes are now home to many types of wildlife and leisure activities.is a headland extending into Bridgwater Bay 5 mi (8 km) west of Burnham-on-Sea, close to the mouth of the River Parrett. The landscape of Hinkley Point is dominated by two: – (now closed) and –. A third, twin-unit (EPR) reactor is planned, and will become.
Climate Along with the rest of, Burnham has a temperate climate which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of the country. The annual mean temperature is approximately 10 °C (50 °F). Is less extreme than most of the United Kingdom because of the adjacent sea temperatures.
The summer months of July and August are the warmest with mean daily maxima of approximately 21 °C (70 °F). In winter, mean minimum temperatures of 1 °C (34 °F) or 2 °C (36 °F) are common. In the summer the high pressure affects the south-west of England, however cloud sometimes forms inland, reducing the number of hours of sunshine. Annual sunshine rates are slightly less than the regional average of 1,600 hours. In December 1998 there were 20 days without sun recorded at Yeovilton. Most the rainfall in the south-west is caused by. Most of the rainfall in autumn and winter is caused by the Atlantic depressions, which is when they are most active.
In summer, a large proportion of the rainfall is caused by sun heating the ground leading to convection and to showers and thunderstorms. Average rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in). About 8–15 days of snowfall is typical. November to March have the highest mean wind speeds, and June to August have the lightest winds. The predominant wind direction is from the south-west. Sea defences Burnham was seriously affected by the, and various flood defences have been installed since then.
In 1911, a concrete sea wall was built, and after further additions to the defences were made using the remains of a.On 13 December 1981, a. Meteorological conditions resulted in a very intense secondary low-pressure area moving rapidly at 40 knots (74 km/h; 46 mph) into the Bristol Channel, with pressure dropping from 1,012 to 962 hectopascals (29.9 to 28.4 inches of mercury) between 00:00 and 18:00. This caused a large rising surge in sea level, with the maximum surge at Hinkley Point measured at 1.3 m (4 ft 3 in) above the 7.4 m (24 ft 3 in) tidal level Ordnance Datum (OD) at 20:25, and 1.3 m (4 ft 3 in) measured at Avonmouth. The wind was measured at 40 knots (74 km/h; 46 mph) from the west. Over topping of the sea defences along a 7 mi (11 km) stretch of the Somerset coast at 22 locations from to began after 19:30, and continued until about 21:30 when the wind speed had reached 50 knots (93 km/h; 58 mph) from the west.
Although there was no loss of life, the resultant flooding covered 12,500 acres (5,100 ha) of land, affecting 1,072 houses and commercial properties, with £150,000 worth of livestock killed and £50,000 of feed and grain destroyed. Estimated the total cost of the damage caused at £6M. This resulted in a three-year programme of sea defence assessment, repair and improvement.Burnham, being the largest occupied town within the 1981 surge affected area, also bore the brunt of the resultant damage. 400 properties were affected, with pavements, stone and concrete from the sea wall ripped up and the Esplande destroyed; total damage within the parish was estimated at £1.5M. Although emergency repairs were undertaken, Wessex Water Authority began planning new sea defences for the town.
Construction work started in 1983 on a £7M scheme, creating what was then Britain’s biggest. The scheme raised the level of the sea wall and the promenade by 1 m (3 ft 3 in), by creating a 1.6 km (0.99 mi) long and 3.2 m (10 ft 6 in) high sea wall, and a new wider Esplanade. Taking five years to complete and coming into operation in 1988, beach access is now via a series of raised steps for visitors, with three vehicle access points which can be closed during storms using sealed gates. Lifeboats and BARB. Rescue hovercraftSpirit of LelainaThere have been many shipwrecks on the Gore Sands.
The first lifeboat was sent to Burnham by the Corporation in 1836, and a replacement boat in 1847.The first Royal National Lifeboat was funded by the town of, and arrived in 1866. The lifeboat was removed in 1930 because of the difficulty in getting a full crew, and because the launching arrangements were not suitable for a powered boat. The current is the base for (RNLI) search and rescue operations. The present station was opened in 2003.
It operates two inshore lifeboats (ILBs), a B Class rigid-hulled boat and an inflatable D Class.The now known as BARB Search & Rescue was set up in 1992 to fund and operate rescue craft in the Bridgwater Bay area. BARB's boat house on the sea front was built in 1994 by the TV show. In 2002, Lelaina Hall, a five-year-old girl from Worcester, died on the mud flats before help could reach her. The outcry over her death prompted a campaign to fund an inshore.BARB currently operates the Spirit of Lelaina alongside her sister hovercraft the Light of Elizabeth, which is named after Lelaina's sister. Governance The of has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny.
The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. In recent years the parish council has become a significant grant funder of local organisations and events. There is currently a debate underway about the correct disbursement and monitoring of these grants, following allegations of impropriety regarding some councillors.Burnham was a large, and until the late 19th century included the then hamlet of Highbridge and rural areas around. In 1894 Highbridge became a separate civil parish, itself divided in 1896 between the new civil parishes of North Highbridge (within Highbridge Urban District). Burnham itself became Burnham, renamed Burnham-on-Sea Urban District in 1917. In 1933 it annexed Highbridge Urban District.
This combined urban district became a in 1974 under the. The town now falls within the of, which was formed under the same legislation. Sedgemoor is responsible for and, local roads, and fairs, and, and, leisure services, parks, and.is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as, main roads, and, and strategic planning.There are two in the town itself (Central and North) making the total population at the mentioned above of 13,601.It falls within the which elects one (MP) to the of the, by the voting system.
As of 2010, the MP is of the. It is also within the of the which elects six using the of. Landmarks Lighthouses Because of its position near the mouth of the River Parrett, and the constantly shifting sands of the, there has always been a significant risk to shipping in the area. As a result, several, have been built. High LighthouseThe original lighthouse, known as, was built after the local vicar, either John Goulden in 1764 or Walter Harris in 1799, raised a subscription amongst the local population to replace the light on the top of St Andrews Church tower.
The four-storey Round Tower was built next to the church. It was taken over and improved by in 1815, and operated until 1832, following which the top two storeys were removed.The 110 ft (34 m) pillar or was designed and built by Joseph Nelson for Trinity House in 1830, and equipped with a paraffin lamp. The ground floor was 5 m (16 ft 5 in) in diameter and the top room 3 m (9 ft 10 in).
It was automated in 1920. In 1992, it was sold to a member of the, who owned it until 1996, when it was bought at auction by Patrick O'Hagan. Conversion for residential use included the removal of the 6th floor and the construction of stairs where there had previously only been ladders. A Grade II, it is now available for holiday lets. Low LighthouseThe or 'Lighthouse on legs', or 'Nine Pins', was built two years later, also by Joseph Nelson, to complement the High Lighthouse.
It is a total of 36 ft (11 m) high, with the light being at 23 ft (7.0 m) above the sand. It stands on nine wooden piers, some with plate metal reinforcement. The structure is whitewashed with a vertical red stripe on the sea side. The lights were inactive between 1969 and 1993, but were recommissioned when the High Lighthouse lights were permanently deactivated. They have a of 7 m (23 ft 0 in) and provide a white flash every 7.5 seconds, plus a directional light (white, red, or green depending on direction) at a focal plane of 4 m (13 ft 1 in). The UK's claimed shortest pierA 900 ft (270 m) stone pier was erected in 1858 by the Somerset Central Railway. Soon afterwards, in 1860, a steamer service to was inaugurated, but it was never a commercial success, and ended in 1888.
The pier retains its railway lines under a surface coating of concrete.The concrete pier, built in 1911–1914, is claimed to be the shortest pier in Britain. In 2008, it was rated amongst the top five piers in Britain by the. The Royal Clarence Hotel The hotel was built in 1796 and incorporated the first bar in Burnham-on-Sea.Listed buildings The Esplanade along the sea front contains several from the early 19th century, including number 44, which is also known as Steart House, and numbers 46 and 47.On Berrow Road, near the High Lighthouse, numbers 4, 6 and 8 were part of a terrace built between 1838 and 1841. Number 31 was previously a lodge. On the corner of Berrow Road and Sea View is a drinking fountain from 1897 with a single dressed stone pier and moulded plinth, topped by a cast iron urn. Each side has the lions head design with those on the north and south sides giving water into a bowl.
Education Primary schools in the town providing education for children up to the age of 11 include: Berrow Church of England Primary School, Burnham-on-Sea Community Infants School, St Andrew's Church of England Junior School, St Joseph's Catholic Primary School and Nursery.The nearest is, a coeducational located in, often referred to as the 'College of Knowledge'. The school is a. In 2007, the school celebrated its 50th anniversary. The facilities of the dual-use King Alfred Sports Centre, which is next to the school site, are shared between the school and town. Religious sites. St Andrew's ChurchThe parish church, is a Grade I dating from the 14th century. It has a 78 ft (24 m) high tower, which leans significantly from the vertical, caused by its poor.
During the 18th century, a light was placed on the tower to guide fishing boats into the harbour. The church contains a number of marble carvings designed by Sir for the private chapel in the.There are also places of worship for, and in the town.Transport was the terminus of the Burnham branch of the, but the tracks continued onto the jetty, where ferry services to could be boarded. The station opened in 1858 as Burnham, and was renamed Burnham-on-Sea in 1920. It closed to scheduled passenger traffic in 1951 and stopped being used for excursions in 1962. It finally closed to goods traffic in 1963.The former station is now known as. The station was opened as 'Highbridge' on 14 June 1841, when the opened its line as far as. A road crossed the line at the north end of the platforms, and a was provided beyond this on the west side of the line.
The Bristol and Exeter Railway with the on 1 January 1876. On the.The town is approximately 3 mi (5 km) from the and the.Culture and sport The town is part of the circuit.Burnham and Berrow Golf Course lies at the North of the town and is a 36-hole championship.Burnham-on-Sea is a noted venue for, as well as other water sports, and has its own sailing club.Land side many activities cater for either the dominant resident elderly population or the seasonal tourists, including, and there is also a swimming pool and sports academy.The Burnham-on-Sea club was formed in 1887. It was wound up after World War 2 and subsequently reformed. After winning the in the 2008–09 they were promoted to the, a rugby union league for clubs based in the south-west of England.The Burnham-on-Sea cricket club was established in 1861 and has played continuously since then. They currently play in the Somerset Cricket League Premier Div. The ground is in Stoddens Road and boasts fine facilities.
The best-known player in the club's history is, who played for and during the 1890s. The club has also provided a number of players for in the competition.In 2016 the town held the Burnham Spray Jam which decorated the streets with artwork from John D'Oh, Andrew Burns Colwill, SPZERO, Irony, Cheba, Diff, Angus, The Agent, Miss Wah, 23 Magpies, Korp and many others. This year the Spray Jam has been incorporated into BOSfest which will also include music, poetry and street entertainment.The town has a twice a year food and drink festival, focused on producers within a 25 miles (40 km) radius. Notable residents , a marine biologist, was born in the town in 1898, and it was also the birthplace of, a theoretical chemist, in 1925. The novelist was sent to La Retraite, a Burnham-on-Sea convent school, in 1920. The town was also the home of Walter 'Wally' Postings and Beatrice 'Pete' Postings. The couple were married for 80 years, the longest marriage in Britain., confirmed as the world's oldest in 2011, lives and competes in the town.
Of X Factor boy band lived in Burnham-on-Sea and attended, where he studied his GCSEs. Also resident is world champion Scottish Darts player. Twin towns Burnham-on-Sea is with:., FranceReferences. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
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Civil War ButtonsCivil War ButtonsUpdated April 27, 2019(304) 886-8200References Used:Record of American Uniform and Historical Buttons(Bicentennial Edition) by Alphaeus S. AlbertUniform Button of the United States 1776-1865 by WarrenK.
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